S Form 10-900 OMB No. +
mea 0024-0018
ited States Department of the Interior
itional Park Service
ational Register of Historic Places
egistration Form
‘hitectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, : itional
ries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-800a). Use a ° i .
Name of Property
storic name _Mass. School for Idiotic & -Feeble-Minded Youth
her names/site number __Walter E. Fernald State School (preferred)
Location
et. & number 200 Trapelo Road N/&] not for publication
y or town SR a A) vicinity
te Massachusetts code MA county __Middlesex code 017 zip code2154
——assachusetts MA —Hiddlesex
State/Federal Agency Certification - ;
Q 2
0
6. MrcDerous
official/Titie Judith # * Executive Director
pusetts Historical Co i Historic Preservation Officer
ederal agency and bureau
“en,
Signature of certifying official/Title Date
State or Federal agency and bureay oan
ational Park Service Certification Las
: Signature of the Keeper Date of Action
certify that the property is:
| entered in the National Register.
CI See continuation sheet. ee
' determined eligible for the
National Register 5 . 3
C1 See continuation sheet. : ea ae en
determined not efigible for the : ;
National Register. Tt re :
removed from the National , :
Register. a ;
other, (exptiain:)
nnaeenemmeereeenmaeeneeneitattennm
e vere
rex E. Fernald State School | Middlesex County, MA
f Property _* Gounty and State
i
ssification : :
‘ship of Property Category of Property Number of Resources within Property
as many boxes as apply} (Check only one box) (Do not include previously listed resources in the count.)
private a a building(s) Contributing Noncontributing
public-local C¥ district 44 38 Idi
t public-State O site 5 A a = Daiidings
} public-Federal (2 structure De oe a SUS
je
Li object oe Be ot ee STS
objects
A2 Total
of related multiple property listing Number of contributing resources previously listed
NIA" if property Is not part of a muttiple property listing.) _ In the National Register
chusetts State Hospitals & State Schools 0
Dg a TE Tr ee
nection or Use E eer nen
Current Functions
‘ic Functions
sategories from instructions) (Enter categories from instructions)
STIC: Institutional Housing DOMESTIC: Institutional Housing
ATION: Schoolhouse EDUCATION: Schoolhouse
GION: Chapel | RELIGION: Chapel
‘TH CARE: Hospital, Medical Office ; HEALTH CARE: Hospital, Medical Office
2scription :
itectural Classification - Materials
categories from instructions) (Enter categories from instructions)
19th: Greek Revival foundation Stone, Concrete
» Victorian: Queen Anne walls Brick eee,
1/20th Revivals: Colonial Revival, . Wood - Shingle, Clapboard
Tudor Revival roof Asphalt; Stone — Slate aa
1/20th American: Craftsman
; other. =e
Se nae a ioe eaten
ative Description ; .
ribe the historic and current condition of the property on one or more continuation sheets.)
Name ot Property Meee aot F
County and State a :
8. Statement of Significance a
reece National Register Criteria ‘Areas of Significance
(Mark “‘x" in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property
for National Register listing.)
AA Property is associated with events that have made
a significant contribution to the broad patterns of
our history. :
(1 B Property is associated with the lives of persons
significant in our past.
J C Property embodies the distinctive characteristics
of a type, period, or method of construction or
represents the work of a master, or possesses
high artistic values, or represents a significant_and ___
distinguishable entity whose components lack
individual distinction.
Ci D Property has yielded, or is likely to yield,
information important in prehistory or history.
Criteria Considerations
‘Mark “x” in all the boxes that apply.)
>roperty is:
XJ A owned by a religious institution or used for
religious purposes.
"1 B removed from its original location.
Jc a birthplace or grave.
J D a cemetery.
1 & a reconstructed building, object, or structure.
1 a commemorative property.
J G less than 50 years of age or achieved significance
within the past 50 years.
arrative Statement of Significance
xplain the significance of the property on one or more continuation sheets.)
{Enter categories from instructions}
Architecture
Health/Medicine
eee
Social History
ee
annem
_O
_
“Period of Significance
1888 — 1940
a ee
Sooesessn ennememeseneeennete ereenememeneaneneneemmmemementnneeenamnnmmnreerene nena
Significant Dates
1848 — founding of school
1888 — move to present site
nny ener see
Significant Person
(Complete if Criterion 8 is marked above)
—Samuel Gridley Howe
Cultural Affiliation
Edward Jarvis
Walter E. Fernald
Architect/Builder
William G. Preston, Clarence P. Hoyt
. Major Biblicgraphical References j eae .
ibilography
‘ite the books, articles, and other sources used in. 1 preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets.)
revious documentation on file (NPS):
C) preliminary determination of individual fisting (36
CFR 67) has been requested ;
C} previously listed-in. the:National Register
(1 previously determined eligible te the National
Registering. oy es ;
QO designated: -a-National Historic: ‘Landmark:
CI recorded by Historic American Buildings Sivey
eg gt
Ci recorded by Historic American Engineering
Record #
Primary location of additional data:
C) State Historic Preservation Office
O) Other State agency
C1) Federal agency
{) Local goverment
CO University.
0 Other. -- -
Name of repository:
‘Massachusetts. Historical Commission
Middlesex County, MA
tter E. Fernald State School
County and State
af Property
Aa Re ee ea NT ERR i Ere
CTT Tol 0, eee a UR Ecco PN ee eee ace ees eee teen
ige of Property 180 acres
References
additional UTM references on a continuation sheet.)
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1 Easting Northing Zone Eastin Northing
g
.9l Lslasis.4o) Lada 4 4d 4 119] 13[1,7|2,6,0] [4,6|9 58 6 0 |
(I See continuation sheet
il Boundary Description
ibe the boundaries of tha property on a continuation sheet.)
idary Justification
‘n why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet.)
‘orm Prepared B
Candace Jenkins, Preservation Consultant with Betsy Friedberg, National Register Directo;
title
ization Massachusetts historical Commission date __ September 1993
t & number __80. Boylston Street |= stelephone (617) 727-8470
w town Boston state MA zip code 02116
tional Documentation
t the following items with the completed form:
inuation Sheets
we
A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location.
A Sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources.
ographs
Representative black and white photographs of the property.
tional Items
k with the SHPO or FPO for any additional Items)
Owner
fate this tem at the request of SHPO or FPO.)
nn
telephone
t&number
Ve ROWOP he es SUE zip code me
work Reduction Act Statement: This information Is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate —
ties for fisting or determine eligibility for fisting, to fist jes, and to amend existing listings.. Response to this request Is required to obtain
sft In accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.)-
tions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing fewing th :
form to the Chief, Administrative Services Division, National Park Service, P.O. Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127; and the Office of
jement and Budget, Paperwork Reductions Projects (1024-0018), Washington, DC 20503.
‘APS Form 16-900-a OMB Approval Mo. 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Walter E. Fernald State School
Waltham (Middlesex County)
Section number__2____ Page __1 Massachusetts
DESCRIPTION
Location/Setting: The Walter E. Fernald State School occupies a --.
compact 180-acre parcel of gently rolling terrain in Waltham near
the Belmont (EF) and Lexington (N) town lines. It is roughly
bounded by Trapelo Road (N), Waverley Oaks Road {E), and Clematis
Brook (S). Figure #1 shows the original extent of the site,
which was purchased in 1887. State Route 2 runs north of the
campus, while the Boston & Maine Railroad (MBTA commuter rail) is
located to the southeast along Beaver Brook. [In general, this
suburban Boston area is densely developed with residential
neighborhoods abutting the campus on the north and east, a light
industrial area to the South on Waverley Oaks Road, and the
Waverley Square commercial district a short distance to the east.
Congestion is relieved by a major concentration of institutional
uses including the Metropolitan District Commission’s Beaver
Brook Reservation (E), the Waltham Federal Center (Ww),
Metropolitan State and Middlesex County Hospitals (NW), Bentley
College (SW), and McLean Hospital (NE). ;
Landscape: The pleasant campus is ringed by low hills on the
south, east, and west, which provide fine views for the perimeter
buildings and leave the central area and the Trapelo Road
frontage relatively flat. The main drive approaches from Trapelo
Road on a straight course that runs between the hills. [It
provides access to buildings that perform campuswide functions
like the Administration (#47), Central Food Service (#40), and
Laundry (#22) buildings. Lateral roads curve up the hillsides to
patient dormitories and nurses‘ residences. Typically, the rear
drive from Waverley Oaks Road leads to the Power Plant (#14) and
other support/maintenance buildings. Staff cottages are also
located on a hillside in this area. There are no agricultural
lands as there are at so many of the other campuses--the
Templeton Colony (see form) was developed in 1899 to fulfill this
function for the Fernald School. Hillsides are generally wooded
while grassy areas between buildings are often devoted to
playground use, reflecting Fernald’s status as a state school
rather than hospital.
As the second campus in the system to be built on the “cottage
Plan, it features freestanding buildings dating from the 1890s to
the present that are dispersed over the entire area. The
earliest annual reports stated that buildings would not be :
arrayed in checkerboard fashion, but would follow the contours of
the land and be placed so as to allow southerly exposures for
(Continued)
ta Form 10-900-a OME Approval No. 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Walter E. Fernald State School
Waltham (Middlesex County)
patient rooms. The oldest buildings occupy the east and south
ridges. The most important remaining landscape features are the
lawns (#8, #91) in front of Waverley Hall (#1), the original
Administration Building, and the Activity Center (#3).
Buildings: Most are relatively small scale with an average
height of two to three stories, and are constructed of red brick
with sandstone trim. Few buildings, with the exception of the
noncontributing Shriver Center of 1969 (#63), are visible from
the two major roadways, Trapelo Road (N) and Waverley Oaks Road
(E), which border the campus. The others jnclude a trio of
nineteenth-century houses on Trapelo Road (#45, 51, 53), two of
which predate the campus.
The earliest buildings, dating from 1889-1910, are characterized
by fieldstone foundations (probably dug and fashioned by
patients) and red brick construction with sandstone trim. All
were designed by. noted Boston architect William Gibbons Preston.
Stylistically, they reflect the Queen Anne style with Romanesque
Revival or Craftsman overtones. They often display round-arched
window and door openings, corbelled cornices, abundant decorative
brickwork, and overhanging slate hip roofs with exposed rafter
ends. Most are sited on the south and east ridges. Typically.
they include dormitories for both patients and staff as well as
Administration (#1), School (#4, 5), Manual Training (#10),
Activity Center (#3), and Infirmary (#49). Another large group
of buildings dating from the 1920s and 1930s are designed in the
Colonial Revival style that dominated state. hospital and school
construction at that time. Patient dormitories from this period
are generally interspersed with the earlier buildings on the
campus perimeter, while buildings serving campuswide functions,
such as the Administration Building (#47) and Food Service
Building (#40), began to fill the central area. A group of
single-family, wood-frame, Craftsman-style staff cottages were
built at the rear entrance of the campus in 1925. The
maintenance/utility group, which is also located at the rear
entrance, dates primarily from the 1930s.
Another major building campaign of the 1960s added several
large-scale buildings, including patient care facilittres such as
the 1969 Kelley Hall (#60) and the 1953 Greene Unit (#50), and
research/evaluation facilities such as the 1969 Shriver Center
(#63). The 1976 Cottage Complex (#64-79), consisting of P
one-story, mansard-roofed duplexes, represented a new approach to
patient care that was followed up in the late 1980s with another
(Continued)
NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Walter E. Fernald State School
Waltham (Middlesex County)
Section number? Page _.3-. + Massachusetts
Renee
group called Malone Park (#83-86); the Cottage Complex served as
a precedent for similar developments at other school and hospital
campuses.
Integrity: The historic integrity of the Fernald State School
campus has been affected by substantial amounts of new
construction and renovation. This is typical of the state
schools that have been under court order to improve their
facilities. Fortunately, this new construction has not resulted
in demolition of historic buildings, so the early character of
the institution remains clear. The only major loss was the
building known as the Old Stone Farmhouse (figure #6). Most new
construction has been confined to the campus perimeter, where it
is often clustered and generally confined to one-story height. A
major exception is the 1970s cottage colony, which sprawls over
the formerly open lowlands that occupy the northwest quadrant of
the campus. Some of the older buildings have been rehabilitated
with exterior changes, including new window sash and handicap
entrance ramps. A few, like West Building (#33), remain vacant
and deteriorating. The landscape has been affected primarily by
insertion of paved parking lots into former lawn areas.
Representative buildings are described below:
Pre-existing buildings:
#53: Cardinal Cottage (ca. 1850)
This is a three-by-three bay, gable-end, Greek Revival-style
dwelling with a full fluted Doric portico across the south facade
and a two-bay rear ell. It rises 2 1/2 stories from a granite
block foundation to a gable roof with a wide, two-part
entablature. It is sheathed with asbestos shingles. The entry
is framed by sidelights, with full-length windows in adjacent
bays. Elsewhere, windows contain late-nineteenth century 2/1
sash. A stone wall separates the house from Trapelo Road, and
granite posts define the driveway.
#45: Baldwin Cottage, 180 Trapelo Road (ca. 1860)
Also sited on Trapelo Road, this two-by-three-bay, gable-end,
Italianate-style dwelling is extended by a two-bay rear ell. It
rises 2 1/2 stories from a brick foundation to a gable roof with
cornice returns. It is sheathed with asbestos shingles: A porch
with chamfered posts extends across the facade. Bay windows are
located on the side elevations. Other windows contain 2/2 sash. ,
(Continued)
NPS Form 10-900-2 OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Walter FE. Fernald State School
Waltham (Middlesex County)
Section number 7. Page +. Massachusetts
Buildings from the 1890s
William Gibbons Preston is identified as the-architect of most of
these early buildings by drawings published in the annual
reports, and in the Massachusetts State Archives collection.
They are generally designed in the Queen Anne style with
Fieldstone foundations, red brick walls, and sandstone trim. Two
of the earliest remaining institutional buildings, West and
Belmont, are located on the southwest ridge. A small area of
unknown use, consisting of a circle and a square enclosed by a
decorative metal fence, is located on the southwest hill slope
(#59) nearby and appears to date from the same period. Most of
the other early buildings are located on the southeast ridge.
#33: West Building (1889-90; figures #2, 3)
Located on the south ridge of the campus, the Queen
Anne/Romanesque Revival-style West Building was the first to be
constructed by the school. Known originally as the Asylum, it
was designed by Preston to house custodial cases. It is built on
an E-plan with a two-story central pavilion (originally
containing the dining room) projecting from the south elevation
as its organizing focus. Boys’ and girls’ wards were located in
the east and west wings, respectively. The red brick building
rises one to two stories froma Fieldstone foundation to a slate
gable and hip roof. It is trimmed with sandstone sills,
beltcourses, and coping, as well as brick buttresses, corbelling,
and decorative panels. The main entry, recessed behind a wide
Romanesque Revival-style arch, is located to the right of the
dining pavilion. Windows contain a variety of multi-pane sash
(6/6, 8/8, 9/9), are often paired, and are sometimes set in
segmental arches. William G. Preston was the architect. In
1915, wooden floors were replaced with more sanitary and
fireproof terrazzo over concrete, the plumbing was replaced, and
a porch was added. It has been’ vacant for many years and is in
poor condition, with the site heavily overgrown. Additional
information is included in the Significance section.
#34: Belmont House (1890
The adjacent Belmont House is a small and simple rectangular-plan
ward that rises one story from a cast-stone foundation to a steep
hip roof extended on carved brackets. The entry with modern
metal and glass door is off center on the north elevation.
Windows display sandstone sills and lintels. This building was 3
renovated in the early 1980s with 1/1 window sash replacing
original 12/12, asphalt replacing slate roof shingles, and modern
(Continued)
a 2 OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Walter E. Fernald State School
; ‘Waltham (Middlesex County)
Sectionnumber__?. Page 5. 1s: Massachusetts
doors. It remains as a rather bland cube whose chief remaining
features, the roof braces, are hidden by a gutter. Belmont may
be the original power plant shown in front of West Building in an
early engraving (figure #2). It was named for a physician at the
school, and was probably designed by Preston.
#1: Waverley Hall (1891)
One of the most prominent buildings on the southeast ridge is
Waverley Hall, which faces west toward the center of the campus
over a broad sloping lawn (#8). Waverley Hall served as the
Administration Building until 1936, when it was converted to
staff housing. It appears to have been enlarged several times,
specifically by the two large rear ells projecting from its
northeast corner. Designed by Preston in the Queen Anne style,
it is constructed of red brick with corbelled cornice and
sandstone trim including beltcourses, lintels, sills, and
decorative carved panels. The main block rises three stories
from a fieldstone foundation to a flat or low-pitched roof. Its
facade (W) is organized with a six-bay central section defined by
massive paneled chimneys. The center entry consists of a
double-leaf door with small pane sash fronted by a hip roof
portico. Windows contain 6/6 sash. Third-story windows are
round arched with bricks laid in a diaper pattern above. A
rounded bay is attached to the front southwest corner. The large
ells are also constructed of red brick on fieldstone foundations
and are ornamented with corbelled cornices; they may date to the
early twentieth century.
#3: Activity Center (1891; fiqures #4, 5, 7
Located immediately northeast of Waverley Hall and constructed in
the same year, the Activity Center is similar in style and
appearance. It also faces over a similar landscaped lawn area
(#91). It is a three-story, red brick structure resting on a
fieldstone foundation and trimméd with a corbelled cornice, and
sandstone sills and beltcourses. The eleven-bay facade (S) is
organized with a projecting five-bay central section defined by
exterior chimneys. Here the three central bays are slightly
bowed within a massive round-arched opening that rises above the
hip-roofed entry porch. The flanking sections display blind
arches outlined by burnt headers that link first- and‘second-
story windows, while the upper story is set off by a secondary
corbelled cornice. The same features are found on the four-bay
side elevations. Windows generally contain 8/8 sash. This F
building was designed as a-.girl’s dormitory by William G.
Preston.
(Continued)
NPS Form 10-900-a Ghat Aoprestnns aasaiossa
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Walter E. Fernald State School
Waltham (Middlesex County)
Sectionnumber__2. Page._6.._- Massachusetts
#4, 5: Schoolhouse (1891; figures #3, 8
Located behind (E) Waverley Hall, the schoolhouse is a two-story,
red brick structure of irregular plan, and shares many features
with the buildings already described;— Ft-was also designed by
Preston, and faces onto the lawn cited above (#91). Common
features include fieldstone foundation, some round~arched window
openings, buttresses, and sandstone sills and beltcourses. The
seven-bay facade (W) is centered on a sidelit and transom~-topped
entry, and a shed roof porch supported on massive carved braces.
It is flanked by paired windows whose round-arched heads display
herringbone pattern brickwork. Second-story windows are
conventional with a three-part window above the entry. Sash
ranges from 6/6 to 8/8. A large hip-roof wing extends from the
north side, while a flat-roofed wing extends southward. The
former displays buttresses dividing paired window bays, while the
latter exhibits the same details as the main block.
#6: Chipman (1892; figure #4
Chipman forms the south side of the quadrangle (#91) with the
buildings just described, and was also designed by Preston. It
served as: the model for later dormitories, which are subtle
variants on its established theme. Like its contemporaries, it
is a red brick building with fieldstone foundation and sandstone
trim. It rises two stories to an asphalt hip roof, The
symmetrical eleven-bay north facade is focused on a projecting
three-bay center pavilion that contains an entry with open
portico at the first story and a triple arched window above.
This is framed by one-bay and three-bay sections, each of which
are slightly set back. Windows contain 8/8 sash. Decorative
panels separate first- and second-story windows. The building,
which originally served as a girls’ dormitory, was named for
Catherine Chipman, Resident Psychologist in the 1930s.
#49: Infirmary/Stephen Bowen (1893, 1901, 1907
Designed by Preston, this unusual ward is located south of the
group just described: -It consists of three attached square-plan
wings, constructed several years apart, that rise one story to .
steep, slate hip roofs with large chimneys. It is constructed of
the typical 1890s materials, including red brick walls and
fieldstone foundation trimmed with corbelled cornicess Windows
generally contain 6/6 sash; some are headed by transoms and some
are paired. This building was constructed as an infirmary for
patients with contagious diseases and demonstrates the general Z
awareness of public health issues at the turn of the century.
Surprisingly, it closely resembles the early power plant and
(Continued)
NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Walter E. Fernald State School
Waltham (Middlesex County)
Sectionnumber__?. Page 2.2 Massachusetts
maintenance building at Monson {see form). Bowen was a Trustee
in the 1930s.
Buildings from the 1900s to 1920s
Buildings from this period are interspersed among the earlier
buildings and display many of the same characteristics, including
one- to three-story height, red brick construction, fieldstone
foundations, slate gable or hip roofs, sandstone trim, and round-
arched door or window openings. Other features commonly seen on
these buildings are overhanging roofs with exposed rafter ends,
and burnt headers used to create decorative panels, quoins, and
beltcourses. Most were built before 1910, and many were designed
by William G. Preston.
#36, 37: MacDougall and Dolan Halls (1898, 1906; figures #9, 10
Erected eight years apart, these nearly identical dormitories
show how little building plans and ornamentation changed during
the school’s first twenty years. Designed by Preston, both are
two-story, red-brick buildings of rectangular plan rising from
fieldstone foundations to slate hip roofs. They are trimmed with
corbelled cornices, sandstone lintels and sills, and burnt
headers arranged in a variety of patterns. Both also have
entries located in slightly projecting central pavilions and
protected by hip roof porches. The MacDougall entry is
surmounted by a triple-arched window, while Dolan’s entry is
surmounted by a triple window with diamond-pane transoms. Dolan
is also trimmed with burnt header quoins, presaging a transition
to the Colonial Revival style. Mrs. Dolan was a longtime matron
in the building named for her, while Sarah MacDougall was matron
of the Farm House in the pre-World War I period.
#11: Warren (1906; figure #12)
Another of Preston’s designs, Warren is a red-brick structure
that rises two stories from a fieldstone foundation to a slate
hip roof. It is trimmed with the typical corbelled cornice and
sandstone window surrounds as well as burnt header quoins and
bands. The symmetrical nine-bay facade is focused on a center .
pavilion with canted sides that contains an entry with open
portico at the first story and a triple window with small pane
transom above. Windows contain 8/8 sash. lL. Maude Warren was a
physician in the 1930s.
Four similar Nurses’ Residences were constructed in the early \
twentieth century, a period when they appeared on most of the
(Continued)
NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No, 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Walter E. Fernald State School
Waltham (Middlesex County)
Section number? Page 8 Massachusetts
state hospital and school campuses. The East and West Homes are
identical.
#9, 38: East and West Nurses’ Home (1906; figure #11)
Located on opposite sides of the campus, these three-by-seven-bay
rectangular-plan, red brick structures are typical of
turn-of-the-century buildings at Fernald. They rise two stories
from fieldstone foundations to slate hip roofs with central and
facade chimneys. Their nearly symmetrical facades are centered
on transomed entries recessed within large round-arched openings
whose spandrels are picked out with burnt headers surmounted by
triple-arched windows. Windows with 8/8 sash display sandstone
sills and splayed brick lintels. A burnt header beltcourse forms
the sill for the second-story windows. Preston was the
architect.
#12: South Nurses’ Home (1907; figure #12
The South Nurses’ Home is the most elaborate of four such
residences erected within a few years of each other (North Home,
#7, 1904; East Home, #9, 1906; West Home #38, 1906). Itisa
two-story, red-brick building rising from a fieldstone foundation
to an asphalt hip roof. Entries, recessed within round arched
Romanesque Revival-style openings, are located on both main
elevations (north and west ) of this L-plan building. Windows
contain new 1/1 sash. Like the buildings from the 1890s, and the
other nurses’ homes, it is further trimmed with sandstone sills
and lintels, and burnt header beltcourses and watertable.
Preston was the architect. A concrete handicapped access ramp
has been added to the west facade.
#10: Manual Training Building (1904; figure #13)
rises two
This large red-brick structure with lateral rear wings
stories from a fieldstone foundation to an asphalt hip roof.
Flemish bond panels with burnt headers separate first- and
second- story windows. The sixteen-bay west facade is organized
with a projecting eight-bay central pavilion, framed by four bay
wings. The main entry is nearly centered on the facade, where it
is‘ recessed within a large round-arched opening and protected by
a hip-roof hood. A second entry occupies the outer south bay.
Large windows, some of which are paired, contain 6/6 sash.
Preston was the architect. See the Significance section for a
description of the activities housed in this building.
(Continued)
NPS Form 10-900-a OME Approval No. 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Walter E. Fernald State School
Waltham (Middlesex County)
Section number? Page 2. - Massachusetts
#42: East Buildin 1906; figure #14
East is a large T-plan ward that displays the erstent
turn-of-the-century Fernald materials and features, including red
brick construction, fieldstone foundation, slate hip roof with
large interior chimneys, sandstone window surrounds, burnt header
beltcourses, and round-arched entries. The symmetrical,
thirteen-bay south facade is focused on a five-bay, central-entry
pavilion, which is fronted by an open porch and is surmounted by
a large two-story, arched window. It is framed by paired
windows, and four-bay end sections. Preston was the architect.
#23: Lavers Hall (1914
Lavers is a large, red brick dormitory built on a U-plan with two
enclosed pavilions projecting from the asymmetrical twenty-three
bay-east facade, and paired wings extending from the rear.
Typically, it rises one story from a fieldstone foundation to a
slate hip roof with large interior chimneys, and is trimmed with
sandstone. An entry with open porch is off center between the
two pavilions. Large conventional windows contain 12/12 sash.
Harriet Lavers was matron of this building when it served its
original function of infirmary for male patients. It was
designed by James Calderwood.
#21: Southard Research Lab (1921
This small rectangular-plan lab with Craftsman- style features is
very similar to buildings constructed during the previous decade.
It is a red brick structure that rises one story froma
fieldstone foundation to an asphalt hip roof with interior
chimneys that is extended on brackets. The entry is centered on
the nine-bay east facade, where it is enclosed in a large glazed
porch. Windows are segmentally arched and contain 8/8 sash. The
building represents the strong interest in scientific
understanding of the etiology of mental disease that arose in the
1920s and 1930s; the school’s first clinical research director
was appointed in 1937. The building was designed by Kendall,
Taylor & Co.
Buildings from the 1930s
Major new construction was initiated in the Depression years, as
was the case at many other campuses. The buildings afe designed
in the popular Colonial Revival style, making a clean break with
their Queen Anne-influenced predecessors. They generally
maintain the established two- to three-story height and red brick .
construction, but generally replace the earlier fieldstone
foundations and sandstone or burnt header trim’with cast stone.
(Continued)
NPS Form 10-000-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 |
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Walter E. Fernald State School
Waltham (Middlesex County)
Section number? Page __192_. Massachusetts
Many were designed by Clarence P. Hoyt. Wallace Hall (#46, 1936)
was cited as a WPA project.
me ee ene >
#40: Food Service Building (1931) oo ae
This large, red~brick, Colonial Revival-style structure consists
of a dining room/headhouse at the south end, with a long kitchen
ell extending to the rear (N). Both rise one story from high
basements set off by sandstone watertables to gable roofs. The
dining section displays bridged end chimneys, corner quoins, and
arched windows in the three-bay side elevations. The main entry
is centered on the south facade, where it is contained within a
projecting five-bay portico. Large windows contain multipane
metal industrial-type sash. This section is extended by a two-
story, gable-roofed ell with a flat-roofed ell wrapped around it
and projecting on the west side of the headhouse section. Hoyt
was the architect.
#47: Administration Buildin 1933
The thirteen-by-three-bay Administration Building represents the
full transition to the Colonial Revival style following a hiatus
in major building during the 1910s and 1920s. It is a well-
detailed, one-story, red-brick building rising from a high
basement and watertable to a slate hip roof. Its thirteen-bay
facade (S) is organized with a center entry emphasized by a full
pedimented portico surmounted by a cupola. The entry itself is
distinguished by fluted pilasters, a pulvinated frieze, and
broken pediment. Fenestration consists of round-arched windows
with 12/12 sash, rising from blank balustrades and surmounted by
cast-stone panels. Cast stone is also employed for keystones, -
corner quoins, and watertable. An eleven-bay wing with
conventional 9/9 and 12/12 sash is centered on the rear
elevation. The building received a flat-roofed, two-story rear
ell ca. 1965. Hoyt designed the original building. It was
published in a survey of public’ buildings constructed with PWA
assistance in 1933-1939 (Short & Brown 1939: 351). Constructed
at a cost of $112,850,: it was described as containing "an office
and work space for the chief clerk, two social-service rooms, two
school testing rooms, three psychology rooms, photography room,
offices for the chief of clinics and head of school clinic,
examination rooms and a pharmacy, offices for the school
administration, and a board room." The project was completed in
October 1936.
(Continued)
NPS Form 1,0-900-a OMB Approvat No. 1024-0076
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Walter E. Fernald State School
Waltham (Middlesex County)
Section number 2. Page 1 Massachusetts
#35: Sequin (1934
Seguin is built on the double Y-plan that was pioneered at
Metropolitan State Hospital and-became popular for infirmaries on
several campuses in the 1930s, especially Monson (see form). It
is a red-brick, Colonial Revival-style structure that rises one
story from a cast-stone foundation to a slate hip roof surmounted
by a cupola. An entry with portico is centered on the north
facade. Window bays are defined by piers and corbelling; 6/6
sash has been replaced by 1/1. Designed by Hoyt, this building
was named for the noted pioneer of treatment for the mentally
retarded, Dr. Edouard Seguin.
#39: Wheatle 1933
This is another red-brick, Colonial Revival-style ward built on a
popular 1930s plan, this time the modified E-plan used
extensively at the Wrentham State School (see form). This
building type was used for nurseries, housing young children, at
all three state schools. This one rises one story from a cast-
stone foundation to a slate gable roof with central cupola. The
main entry is centered on the east facade, where it is fronted by
a gabled wood portico and embraced by cross pavilions with corner
quoins and Palladian windows. Windows contain 8/8 or 10/10 sash.
Frank G. Wheatley of Abington was a Trustee at the turn of the
century, serving as board president in 1911.
Single-family staff dwellings
#43: Hillside/former Superintendent’s House (1904
As it name implies, Hillside is sited on a rise overlooking the:
south campus. It is a large, shingled Queen Anne/Colonial
Revival-style structure that rises three stories from a
fieldstone foundation to a gambrel roof with modillion cornice
and large center chimney. The main entry with fanlight and open
Tuscan porch is centered on the’ south gable end. It is now
approached by a concrete handicapped ramp. Windows contain 15/1
sash except in the gables, where the upper sash is diamond pane.
Preston was the architect
#17, 18, 19, 20: Cotta es 17, 18, 19, 20 (1925
These nearly identical cottages are two-story Craftsman-style
structures enclosed by gable roofs with exposed rafter ends and
off-center chimneys. Enclosed entry porches with arched openings
are centered on their three-bay southwest facades. One-story :
sunporches extend from their left sides. Windows contain 6/6
sash. Cottage #20 is sheathed with wood shingle, while the
(Continued)
NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Walter E. Fernald State School
Waltham (Middlesex County)
Section number__7.. Page 12 Massachusetts
others are stuccoed. They were built as staff residences, with
Curtis W. Bixby as the designer.
me tO ane ete ene re cian res sapere
Modern Buildings
The Fernald campus experienced major expansion in the second half
of the twentieth century, especially in the 1970s.
#50: Greene (1953)
The Greene Unit is one of the largest buildings on campus.
Located on the western ridge, it is built on an irregular plan
consisting of an E-shaped section with a large east wing
extending northward. It is faced with red brick and rises three
stories to a flat roof. Large windows are grouped in vertical or
‘horizontal strips. The main entry faces south from the east
wing. Dr. Ransom A. Greene was appointed superintendent in 1925,
following Dr. Fernald‘’s death.
#75, 76, 77: Brookside, Woodside, Site 5 (1981
These three nearly identical buildings are blocky, one-story
structures faced with red brick and enclosed by flat roofs with
vertical panel parapets. Large, single-pane windows are arranged
in banks. Woodside consists of two parts connected by an open
International Style-type walkway.
#64-74: Cottage Complex (1976
The cottage complex consists of eleven identical U-plan duplexes
grouped at the northwest corner of the campus near Trapelo Road.
Swings, benches, and an open pavilion (#121) dot the lawn area
between buildings. These one-story structures are dominated by
wood shake-covered mansard roofs that descend to window-sill
level, barely exposing red brick-faced walls. Windows contain
1/1 sash. Metal doors are located in the courtyards formed by
the U-plans. These small-scale patient wards initiated a new era
of more intimate and homelike living accommodations, which in the
1990s is still being employed by the Department of Mental
Retardation for new construction at both state schools and
hospitals.
Archaeological Description
While no prehistoric sites are currently recorded within the
boundary of the school, it is possible that sites are present. y
One site is reported in the general area (within one mile).. That
site, the Clematis Brook site (19-MD-365), abuts the southwest
1°
(Continued)
NPS Form. 10-900-a OMB Approval No, 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior —
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Walter E. Fernald State School
Waltham (Middlesex County)
Section number 7 Page 13... Massachusetts
corner of the school. It is unknown, at present, whether or not
the site extends onto the school property. Locational
characteristics of.the.school,.including well-drained, level to
moderately sloping terraces adjacent to Clematis Brook, Beaver
Brook, an unnamed brook, unnamed pond and other wetlands,
indicate locational criteria favorable for Native American
subsistence and settlement activities. An archaeological
reconnaissance survey (Jones 1989) has recently identified the
locations for two prehistoric sites north and west of Beaver
Brook in the Beaver Brook Reservation, less than one-half mile
east of the Fernald State School. These factors combined with
the availability of open land adjacent to wetlands indicate a
high potential for locating prehistoric resources. Prehistoric
sensitivity is the highest along the unnamed brook running
north/south through the central portion of the school, along the
western periphery of the school bordering Clematis Brook and an
unnamed pond and along the southern portion of the school ,
bordering Beaver Brook. Railroad and school construction may
have adversely affected the integrity of prehistoric resources in
the latter area along Beaver Brook. The extent of this effect is
unknown at this time.
There is a high potential for locating significant historic
archaeological remains on the school property. Structural
remains include at least one barn foundation, #28 (date unknown)
and the remains of a stone farmhouse whose precise location is
unknown at this time. In 1888 an existing stone farmhouse was
reportedly fitted out for use as a boys dormitory. That building
cannot be identified today. The structure may have been built -
for the school during the 19th century or may predate the school.
Structural remains may also survive for outbuildings that predate
the school and those associated with agricultural activities at
the school. Few agricultural-related at the school resources
have survived or are expected at the Fernald School when compared
to other campuses, since agriculture played a minor role at the
school. . Templeton Colony was developed in 1859 to fulfill the
agricultural function for the Fernald School. Construction
features may also be important at the school. Some of the
earlier buildings having fieldstone foundations may have been dug
by patients. Occupational-related features, such as trash areas,
likely survive in the school area associated with potential farms
that predate the school, and with school operations. A cemetery
has not been located on the Fernald School grounds; however, one ,
may be present since numerous deaths occurred, particularly
during the late 19th/early 20th century period. Later deaths at
(Continued)
NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Walter E. Fernald State School
Waltham (Middlesex County)
Section number —2..8 Page 14.1. Massachusetts
the school used the Metropolitan State Hospital Cemetery;
however, burial practices for the period indicated above cannot
presently be identified. An unmarked-cemetery..may exist, woe at
possibly near the West Building where a~small-area exists
enclosed by a decorative wrought iron fence. Earlier deaths,
prior to the establishment of a cemetery at the Metropolitan
State Hospital, may have been interred at one of the numerous
municipal and private cemeteries in the general area per
agreement with the town.
(end)
HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The Walter E. Fernald State School possesses integrity of
location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and
association. It was founded by Boston reformer Samuel Gridley
Howe (1801-1876) in 1848 with an initial appropriation of $2,500
from the State Legislature, making it the first publicly
supported institution for the mentally retarded in the Western
Hemisphere. From humble beginnirigs in South Boston, the school
grew in size and stature under the strong leadership of Howe and
his successor, Dr. Edward Jarvis. In 1887, their achievements
were recognized by the Legislature with purchase of a large new
campus in Waltham, which was the second in the state to be
developed on the cottage system, following the Lyman Reform
School in 1884 (see form). Here, Dr. Walter E. Fernald
(1859-1924), the third superintendent, led the school into the
twentieth century, instituting new programs in education,
psychology, social work, and scientific research. In 1925, the
mame of the school was changed from the Massachusetts School for
the Feeble-Minded to the Walter E. Fernald State School in his
honor. The Fernald School is unique in owing its development and
stature chiefly to the dedication of its three renowned
superintendents: Samuel: Gridley Howe, Edward Jarvis, and Walter
E. Fernald, who together, led the school from 1848-1924. The .
Fernald School clearly represents the development of the State
Hospital and School System as described in the overview, and
meéts criteria A, B, and C of the National Register of Historic
Places. It is significant on the local, state, and national
levels with a period of significance extending from 1888 to 1940.
The Fernald School was founded by Samuel Gridley Howe, a Boston
native educated at the Boston Latin School and Brown University.
(Continued)
NPS Form 10-900-2 OMB Approval Na. 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Walter E. Fernald State School
Waltham (Middlesex County)
Section number __8__. Page _2._- Massachusetts
Well known as a social reformer, Howe was involved in the Greek
Revolution, and in developing educational programs for the blind,
before settling on-his_major life’s work: advocacy of training pene
programs and- humane living conditions for the "feeble-minded." cont omens
Howe was one of three commissioners appointed by the governor "to
investigate the condition of idiots" in Massachusetts in 1846.
Two years later, he was instrumental in securing the cooperation
of the Massachusetts School for the Blind when the Legislature
appropriated $2,500 annually for three years to teach ten
"idiotic" children at some existing charitable institution as an
experimental program. By 1850, the experiment had proved so
successful that the Massachusetts School for Idiotic and
Feeble-Minded Youth was formally established by the Legislature
with Howe as one of its corporators. The following year, the
State agreed-to provide support at the rate of $5,000 annually, a
Board of Trustees was established, and Howe was appointed to the
unpaid positions of Superintendent and President of the Board
(Wallace 1941: 7-11).
In 1852, a mere four years after inauguration of the experimental
program, the school moved to its own rented quarters in South
Boston, and Dr. Edouard Seguin was persuaded to spend two months
there developing programs and training teachers, although he
turned down the offer to stay on as Superintendent. Seguin, a
Frenchman, was the first to successfully instruct "idiots"
through a systematic training of the senses. He gained
international recognition through publication of his "Treatise of
Idiots" in 1846, and he may be credited with sparking spontaneous
interest in the condition and training of the “feeble-minded"
throughout Europe and the United States (Wallace 1941: 12-13).
At the opening of the experimental school in Massachusetts, Dr.
Howe described its goals thus:
It is proposed to show our reverence for God’s plain will
and to acknowledge the common brotherhood of man by taking
these, the most unfortunate of His children, and attemptin
to lift them to a place upon the common platform of
humanity. It is hoped to train them to cleanliness and
decency, to prevent or root out debasing habits, moderate
gluttonous appetites, and lessen the strength ofthe animal
desires by substituting constant occupation for idleness.
To train all the senses, to strengthen the power of
attention, develop the muscular system, and some degree of :
dexterity in simple handicraft. To call out their social
affections, to inculcate feelings of regard for others in
(Continued)
—" OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 .
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Walter E. Fernald State School
Waltham (Middlesex County)
Section number 8. Page3___/- Massachusetts
return for love and kindness shown them; to appeal to the
moral sense and to develop religious sentiment. It is to be
hoped that part of them-wili gain useful knowledge, most of
them become cleanly;~decent; amd industrious, and that all
of them be better and happier for the efforts in their
behalf (Wallace 1941: 10).
These goals were accomplished through Seguin’s sense training
methods and through adherence to a strictly regimented schedule,
a program similar in many respects to those established by
superintendents of "insane asylums" who believed in "moral
treatment." At Howe’s school, pupils rose at 5 A.M., breakfasted
and prayed, then attended class from 8 A.M. until noon with one
half-hour recess break. After dinner there was a recreation
break until 2 P.M., then more classes until 5 P.M. The evening
meal was followed by gymnastic exercise and bed (Wallace 1941:
13-14).
By 1856, exactly ten years after a commission was first appointed
to study the condition of "idiots" in Massachusetts, the
Legislature was persuaded to appropriate $25,000 for the purchase
of land and erection of a permanent home. The trustees, electing
to stay in South Boston because of its uncrowded condition and
proximity to the salubrious effects of the sea, purchased a 1
1/2-acre site at the foot of L and M Streets and constructed a
wood-frame school (Wallace 1941: 14). During the next twenty
years, the school grew in size and reputation under Howe‘s able
leadership. According to the 1869 Annual Report, the population
had grown to a daily average of 87, with a total of 108 treated
during the school year. In 1871, cumulative statistics revealed
that 465 pupils had been admitted since 1848, and 365 discharged.
Additionally, numerous pupils had been refused admittance due to
lack of space. By 1874, it was reported that the school was
overburdened by its growing number of custodial cases and by
applications for pupils from other states that either lacked
schools entirely or had not achieved the exceptionally high
caliber of the Massachusetts program.
At this period, Howe and the trustees described their school
thus: =
We wish the people would come and see what can be done with
the seemingly hopeless cases. Here noisy, indecent, greedy,
passionate children become quiet, cleanly, well behaved, 7
more intelligent, and affectionate beings. Their indoor
gymnastics, their exercise in the open air, their sea
(Continued)
NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Walter E. Fernald State School
Waltham (Middlesex County)
Sectionnumber__8__. Page__4. Massachusetts
_——— eee
bathing, boating, racing, football on the playground-~all
serve to exhilarate the spirit, and to improve their health
-- ooo -and carriage. The enforced cleanliness, the required-habits—
~~ of good deportment, which is seen in their improved manners.
The effect is not limited to strengthening the bodily and
mental powers; even the religious sense is developed and
cultivated. (Annual Report of 1871)
On January 9, 1876, Howe died at age 75 and was succeeded by his
former assistant, Dr. Edward Jarvis, who identified four
immediate needs for the school’s continued growth and success.
These were:
1. opportunities for trained, discharged pupils to find
outside working and living situations.
2. an "Asylum" for trained pupils who lacked outside
Situations
3. a separate institution or department for custodial cases
4. anew, large site for the school (Wallace 1941: 25)
In 1881, these needs were partially met by purchase of a i100-acre
farm in Dover where older boys could be sent to live and work
permanently (Wallace 1941: 29). ‘In 1883, another goal was met
with the establishment of a custodial department for untrainable
adult patients and a change in the school’s name to the
Massachusetts School for the Feeble-Minded (deleting the word
“Youth"). Both of these events reflect an important change in
the school’s mission, broadening its scope from the training of
high functioning children, to include the care of chronic adults.
This change in attitude, which is similar to that occurring at
the state hospitals, appeared in annual reports of the 1870s, and
was articulated in 1883 when the Trustees stated:
As already stated in our report of 1881, and in the report
of the State Board of Health and Lunacy in 1882, the
question of enlarging the operations of the School so they
Shall embrace not only the improvables but the unimprovables
has resulted in the passage of an Act by the Legislature,
which changes the name of the Institution..... and
establishes a department of the School for an asylum for
idiots beyond school age (Wallace 1941: 30).
Jarvis’ major goal was not met until 1887, three years after his
death, however, when the Legislature appropriated $25,000 to
purchase a new site and to hire a full-time resident ;
superintendent. The trustees chose Dr. Walter E. Fernald to lead
the school into a new era, and located an appropriate site in
(Continued)
4
NPS Form 10-900-2 OMB Approve! No. 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet |
Walter E. Fernald State School
Waltham (Middlesex County)
Section number __8 Page _52__- Massachusetts
Waltham near the Waverley Station of the Fitchburg and
Massachusetts Central Railroad. Two estates, including the
eighteen-acre Bird.Estate, were purchased for $18,000 in 1887, es
with $7,000 left-in-reserve for future land purchases. The
Legislature appropriated $200,000 in 1888 to erect buildings for
the school, a sum the trustees planned to supplement with sale of
their South Boston and Dover properties. Fernald and the
trustees decided to develop the school on the cottage system,
citing the Willard Asylum in New York as a model (Wallace 1941:
35-36). They must also have been influenced by concurrent
development of McLean Hospital just one mile distant, which had
been planned on the cottage system with the assistance of noted
landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted. The only other
example within the system at this time was the Lyman Reform
School of 1884 in Westborough (see form).
During 1888, an existing stone farmhouse was fitted out to
accommodate twenty to thirty boys from Dover along with a
farmer‘s family; this group would help to prepare the site for
general occupancy by digging drains and making roads. This model
of an advance team of trained pupils from an existing school was
later followed at Templeton (1899; see form), Wrentham (1906; see
form), and Belchertown (1922; see form). In the meantime, ground
was broken for the school’s first building to be called the
Asylum (now West Building; #33), which would house from 60-100
custodial patients. Plans were also made for a dormitory (#6), a
gymnasium (#3), a schoolhouse (#4,5), a workshop, a boilerhouse
(possibly #34, now Belmont House), a laundry, a kitchen, and an
administration building. (#1)... The architect for these buildings.
was William Gibbons Preston of Boston (figures #2-5). It was
reported that these and future buildings would not be arrayed in
“checkerboard" fashion, but would follow the natural contours of
the land and be placed so as to allow a southerly exposure for
patient rooms. No landscape architect was cited, however
(Wallace 1941: 36-39). ,
On March 6, 1890, the-first sixty one boys and girls were ;
transferred from the custodial wards at South Boston to the new
Asylum Building at Waverley. A few months later the new
accommodations, and their beneficial effect on the patients, were
described thus: ee
The Asylum now in use six months is very satisfactory. The
building has proved to be all that was promised. The steam ,
heating and ventilation seem almost perfect. The
incandescent electric lights, furnished by our own electric
(Continued)
NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Walter E. Fernald State School
Waltham (Middlesex County)
Section number 8. Page 6 _ Massachusetts
plant, provide a form of lighting at once healthful, safe,
and economical. The boys and girls were placed in two large
sunny wards on the East and West wings respectively. . They
eat, sleep, and live on the ground floor with every access
to shady groves and grassy lawns, which provide the privacy
not possible in the city, or in their own homes.
When admitted, these children were noisy, stubborn, untidy,
and intractable. One of them had not been outdoors for
three years. Three had been in a barred room at home. Many
were helpless, could not feed or dress themselves. They
shrieked, tore, and destroyed their clothing, and the wards
were bedlam. It was an apparently hopeless problem, but now
a great and gratifying change has occurred. The careful day
and night supervision has reduced the number of untidy beds
at night and untidy clothing in the daytime. They are
taking part in games, marches, and other exercises to fix
their attention, and take great delight in these exercises.
Fifty-one of the older females are in the Asylum building
and occupy two pleasant wards on the second floor. They are
of great assistance and take great pride in the care of the
younger helpless children.
On December 28, 1891, the last pupil was removed from South
Boston and the long awaited move was completed (Wallace 1941:
40-42).
At Waltham, the patients’ routines continued to embrace a mix of
classroom education, manual and industrial training, and
recreational activities such as formal gymnastics, musical
events, dances, rhythmical drill, and competitive athletic
contests. A domestic training program_.to teach girls cooking,
washing, ironing, and general housekeeping was instituted in 1905
as a counterpart to the boys’ training program (Wallace 1941:
65). A Manual Training: Building (#10) was added to the campus in
1903 and expanded in 1908, reflecting the importance of these
activities. Its functions were described thus in annual reports
of the period:
The boys’ classes occupy the first floor; one roem for
Sloyd, another mattress and pillow making; one to the actual
making of useful articles at separate benches; one room
contains tables where brush-making, sandpapering, net :
making, mat making and cane seating are done. Painting is
also taught in this room -- one room is used for shoe
(Continued)
NPS Foon 10-900-2 : OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Walter E. Fernald State School
Waltham (Middlesex County)
Section number 8. Page__1_._- Massachusetts
repairing for the whole institution including Templeton.
The Weaving Room has several looms where the boys weave
first-class crash for towels, and serviceable rag. rugs.._.- -. 4
There are stock boxes for material for each industry; -also-
bulletin boards with lists of classes for the entire day.
The girls' department upstairs is organized with the same
care. One domestic training room, class room for sewing;
another large room contains the knitting machines, looms,
tables for cutting and sewing rags, one for pillow and lace
making, basket making, knitting, crocheting, with material
for each class (Wallace 1941: 71).
Almost immediately, annual reports began to include mention of
public health issues, reflecting the growing scientific knowledge
about infectious disease and public concern with controlling its
spread. Outbreaks of typhoid and scarlet fever in 1891 led the
trustees to request funds for a small contagious diseases
hospital, a structure (#49) that was completed in 1893 and
expanded in 1901 and 1907 (Wallace 1941: 41). A diphtheria
epidemic in 1896 resulted in the use of antitoxins for the first
time (Wallace 1941: 55). Influenza became a major problem during
World War I, with the first of 833 cases reported on September
17, 1918; 85 patients died (Wallace 1941: 95). By the 1930s, the
incidence of contagious disease was greatly lessened by the
availability of various tests such as the Schick and Dick tests,
which detected diphtheria and scarlet fever, allowing new
patients to be inoculated when necessary (Wallace 1941: 141).
The school entered the twentieth century expanding its innovative
programs rapidly and retaining its national and international
stature. A school department with graded classes was opened in
1892 (Wallace 1941: 42).
Teaching clinics for Tufts and Boston University Medical School
students were instituted in 1903, expanding the program initiated
in 1884 with Harvard (Wallace 1941: 32, 61). A formal parole or
vacation system was adopted in 1912 along with the new position
of field or social worker to supervise pupils with outside
placements. At the same time, an outpatient clinic was
established, further strengthening community ties. By 1915,
monthly clinics had been started in Worcester, Fall River, New
Bedford, and Haverhill, and that year the school held a total of ,
32 clinics involving 743 patients (Wallace 1941: 92). Patients’
health needs were treated more scientifically in a small hospital
(Continued)
NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval Na. 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Walter E. Fernald State School
Waltham (Middlesex County)
Section number__8 Page __8 Ss Massachusetts
(#49; 1893, 1901, 1907) as methods and products developed by the
State Board of Health, such as diphtheria antitoxin, were
employed in 1915, and tuberculosis_tests. were introduced in 1920
(Wallace 1941: 90, 100). - More complete profiles of the patients’
mental condition were also made available through the use of new
psychological tests such as the Binet-Simon and the Intelligence
Quotient (Wallace 1941: 82; 104). X-ray examination of the brain
was introduced as a diagnostic tool in 1920 (Wallace 1941: 100).
Dental Clinics, held by Tufts University, were established in
1917 (Wallace 1941: 94). The first women physicians--Drs. Anna
M. Wallace and Edith Woodill--were appointed in 1907 (Wallace
1941: 68). A training course for attendant nurses was
established in 1929 (Wallace 1941: 145), and a research
department was established in 1937.
As early as 1905, the British Royal Commission on the Care and
Control of the Feeble-Minded provided the following glowing
report on the Fernald School to the American Institutions for the
Feeble-Minded. —
This is a most interesting institution, embodying in itself
the whole history of American methods of dealing with the
feeble-minded from its earliest beginnings in the training
school for the idiot to its latest development, --the colony
(Templeton) for the permanent custodial care and employment
of defectives unfit for free life. Its superintendent is
Dr. W. E. Fernald, who is not only one of the greatest
authorities in the United States of America on the medical
aspect of the care of mental defectives, but is an
institutional manager of great energy, enthusiasm, resource,
and capacity {annual report, 1905). As is apparent from the
foregoing quote, the British Commission was particularly
interested in the school’s custodial farm colony in
Templeton (see form), a department continually described in
Annual Reports as its most successful.
The early twentieth century was a period of major growth as
applications for admission rose from 142 in 1889 to 484 in 1911
(Wallace 1941: 76). This reflected the expanded mission of the
school to accept chronic, pauper, delinquent, epileptic, and
physically disabled cases that were not considered suitable for
training, but nevertheless were in need of proper humane care.
To meet the increased demand, it was decided to increase the
total patient population from 600 to 1,000 in 1896 (Wallace 1941: ,
50). The school’s change in philosophy was intertwined with a
growing societal fear of increased deviancy, as science
(Continued)
NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Walter E. Fernald State School
Waltham (Middlesex County)
Section number__8_. Page 2s Massachusetts
illuminated the role of heredity and began to link
feeble-mindedness with crime, pauperism, and immorality. Annual
reports of the period continuously cited—the problems caused when: -
mentally deficient patients were transferred from the- state
reform schools. They also stressed the need to provide
institutional protection for adult females to prevent their
bearing defective children, and to segregate adult male and
female patients within the institution. Dr. Fernald was a
national leader in exploring the problems of morally and mentally
deficient children and in promoting eugenics.
The results of the growing patient population are seen in several
ways. One is in the establishment of other facilities, including
the Templeton Farm Colony for chronic adult males (1899), the
Wrentham School (1907), the Belchertown School (1915-22), and
institutions in all of the other New England states during that
period. The other is in the major building campaign that
transformed the Waverley campus between 1895 and 1925. New
buildings included several patient dormitories to support a total
population of just over 1,000; staff housing including a
superintendent’s residence as well as dormitories for nurses and
attendants; medical, educational, and recreational facilities;
and support buildings including a power plant, laundry, kitchen,
and dining room. The Depression slowed construction which
resumed in the mid-1930s. At least one building, Wallace Hall
(#46; 1936), was constructed by the Public Works Administration
(Wallace 1941: 147).
In 1924 Dr. Fernald (1859-1924) died after thirty seven years of.
service to the school. The following year, Chapter 293 renamed
the institution as the Walter E. Fernald State School in his
honor. As the British Commission had noted in 1905, Fernald was
a renowned authority on mental retardation with many publications
to his credit. These included the "History of the Treatment of
the Feeble-Minded" (1895), "Some of the Methods Employed in the
Care and Training of Feeble-Minded Children" (1894),
"Peeble-Minded Children" (1887), “Care of the Feeble-Minded"
(1904), and "Imbeciles with Criminal Instincts" (1909). The
Massachusetts Medical Society said that he “did more for the
training of the feeble-minded and for bringing about an
understanding of their problem than, perhaps, any other ‘American
psychiatrist (MMS 1930: 14). A eulogy published in the 1924
Annual Report described Dr. Fernald’s distinctions and 2
achievements in greater detail.
(Continued)
NPS Form 10-900-a OME Approval No. 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Walter E. Fernald State School
Waltham (Middlesex County)
Section number __8____ Page __1° Massachusetts
ee
His achievements as an educator have been far-reaching. He
recognized the first step in education of the feeble-minded
was .to make them happy; that the feeble-minded, like other
persons, are happy only when they are doing something for
which their capacity fits them. He arranged a 24-hour
program in which the child is doing all the time, whatever
its capacities demanded. This school became in a real sense
a university. During the past year individuals and
delegates were sent from 28 states and 13 countries and 4
provinces in Canada. He gave lectures to medical students,
to teachers of special classes, public health nurses,
physicians taking post-graduate work in pediatrics,
= psychiatry, etc.
As an organizer he standardized everything he undertook,
whether in erecting a building, clearing a field of stones,
etc. His scientific standing was widely recognized. In 1912
he received the honorary degree of Master of Arts at
Harvard. He was widely sought as a lecturer on mental
disease and criminology. Twice President of the Association
for the Study of the Feeble-Minded, in 1915 and 1924, he was
at the time of his death, President of the Massachusetts
Society of Psychiatry and the Boston School of Occupational
Therapy. He was a leader in the National Society of Mental
Hygiene. He was the originator of the ten-point system for
testing and classifying of the feeble-minded. He proved the
psychological tests alone were not enough. He secured
practically every piece of legislation that had anything to
do with these subjects for the last 30 years.
The Fernald School continued to enjoy a strong national and
international reputation, as continued visits to the campus
demonstrated. In the 1920s, the school entertained
representatives from Russia, Austria, China, Poland, Ceylon,
South Africa, England, Czechoslovakia, Central India, Norway,
Denmark, France, and New Zealand (Wallace 1941: 113).
Fernald was succeeded by Dr. Ransom A. Greene on April 9, 1925.
Greene had previously been Superintendent at Taunton State
Hospital (Wallace 1941: 116). Soon after his appointments in
1926, a ten-year construction program to expand capacity to 2,000
beds was approved by the Trustees. At that time, the population
stood at 1,330, with more than 1,000 applications for admission.
Nursery dormitories and an administration building were cited as
the most pressing needs (Wallace 1941: 122-23). The nine-acre
(Continued)
oo .
NPS Form 10-900-a, OME Approval No. 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Walter E. Fernald State School
Waltham (Middlesex County)
Section number __8 —._ Page —11 Massachusetts
Baldwin estate adjoining the campus was acquired at this time to
provide room for gardening and to provide privacy (Wallace 1941:
118). With a waiting list of 1,829 in 1933, discussions about
the possibility of constructing a fourth school were initiated
(Wallace 1941: 141).
In 1937, Dr. Paul I. Yakovlev was appointed Director of Clinical
Research at the Fernald School (Wallace 1941: 155). His work was
described thus:
_..¢clinic and bio-chemical routines as well as pathological,
histological and mictoscopic studies, X-ray, etc, are being
carried on; research is directed to both laboratory and
clinical symptomatology and an attempt to get at
etiology--the hereditary and environmental factors and
diagnoses and thus provide a scientific basis for
therapy....
The 1945 Governor and Council Report described the laboratory as
outstanding. Yakovlev, who was medical as well as research
director at the School, was also an instructor at Harvard, Boston
University, and Tufts Medical Schools.
In the 1938 annual report of the Fernald School, Superintendent
Dr. Ransom Greene articulated the philosophy of the institution.
Although he professed to be a believer in tradition, his words
demonstrated the vastness of change since the mid-nineteenth
century:
I wish to pay tribute to all the predecessors of the
position which I now hold, in that they have always been
more concerned about principles than standards and their
primary interest has been the possibility of ameliorating
the burden to society of those for whom they and we have to
care, and in addition determine, if possible, how future
generations may be protected or relieved from such a
burden...The problem as a whole is far from simple; it
involves primarily: medical knowledge and not secondary, but
in addition, problems of education, sociology, psychology .
and legal affairs...The principles involved have been not
only that of ameliorating the burden and immediate stress of
the individual but the problem as a whole from the
standpoint of welfare of our communities and relieving them
of this burden for future generations...This has been the
aim from the time of Dr. Howe, Dr. Sequin, Dr. Jarvis and :
Dr. Fernald. We are making progress along these lines...
(Continued)
NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Walter E. Fernald State School
Waltham (Middlesex County)
Section number__8__. Page 12. Massachusetts
We have reached the stage in the last year where we have
been able to start on a definite research program...the ends
for which we aspire are based on purely the principles
exemplified by the founder of such an institution as this,
Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe". (Wallace 1941: 156-57).
The contrast between Howe and Greene is great, and reflects the
change from a moral/religious ethic underlying care and treatment
to a belief in scientific progress.
The 1945 Governor and Council Report described the 240-acre
Fernald School as one of the finest institutions in the state,
saying:
It is too bad that the Executive Department of the State
Government did not make proper allowances for an increase in
facilities in this institution during the past decade, so
that hundreds of children now being cared for inadequately
in their own homes could have been properly taken care of in
this institution....No better treatment could be obtained at
any price.
The school’s patient population of 1,890 was over the capacity of
1,540, even with 75 on parole. There were 236 staff members with
181 vacancies. The varied program of industrial therapy included
a beauty shop, men’s barber shop, printing, carpentry,
shoe-repairing, brush, broom and mat making, weaving,
dressmaking, painting, domestic science, stocking manufacturing,
rugmaking, knitting, crocheting, embroidering, lace making,
basket weaving, clothing manufacturing, and canning.
Agricultural facilities included a cow barn with 50 head of
steer, and a horse barn, but most such activities were carried
out at the Templeton Colony. Building needs cited by the report
included a hospital, installation of vacuum heating, two
officers’ cottages, additions to the Manual Training Building, a
root cellar, a cow barn, a horse barn, a dormitory for young
boys, two dormitories for young girls, and an infirmary for
girls. ‘
The Depression temporarily halted growth of the school as is
indicated by the 1945 report, but development resumed<after World
War II. The patient population rose to 2,600 in the 1960s, while
the staff remained at 800. In 1972, Fernald came under court
order to improve services. This resulted in reduction of the :
patient population to 1,161 in 1979, and to 855 (including ;
Templeton) in 1987; additions to the staff, which reached 1,900
(Continued)
NPS Form 10-900-a OMS Approval No. 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Walter E. Fernald State School
Waltham (Middlesex County)
Section number 8. Page 13s: Massachusetts
in 1979, and 2,400 in 1987; major new construction; and upgrading
of existing buildings. As of 1989, Fernald operated five
community residences in addition to the 848 clients living at Soe oe
Waltham and Templeton, and employed 2,500 staff (Internal History
Fact Sheet).
Archaeological Significance
Since patterns of prehistoric occupation in Waltham are poorly
understood, any surviving sites could be significant.
Prehistoric sites in this area can contribute to a greater
understanding of Native American settlement and subsistence along
tributary streams in the lower Charles River drainage. Much of
this area is undocumented because of under-reporting in the area,
probably due to urban development in the 20th century.
Prehistoric sites in this area may be part of a seasonal
adaptation based on the availability of environmental resources
with larger sites along the main branch of the Charles River,
possibly in the estuarine zone. Prehistoric sites in this area
may also be part of subsistence and settlement systems that
incorporate sites along the internal Charles River drainage.
Historic archaeological remains described above have the
potential to document land use history in the area that predates
development of the Fernald School in 1887. Background research
accompanied by archaeological survey and testing can help locate
and reconstruct the components of farmsteads or other
agricultural operations in the area indicated by the presence of
foundations, stone walls, and documentary resources. Further
documentary research and analysis of construction features
including builder’s trenches can provide information on patient
participation during construction and the similarity or
differences in construction methods where patients are used as
compared with those by standard: civilian workers. Detailed
analysis of occupational-related features can provide information
on individuals who occupied farms that predated the school, as
well as different patients at the school. Specialized trash
areas may exist for the small contagious disease hospital (#49)
completed in 1893, which could provide details pertaining to
patient treatment under isolated conditions. <<
Specialized refuse deposits may also exist for the school’s
varied programs of industrial therapy, which included a beauty ‘
shop, men’s barber shop, printing, carpentry, shoe-repairing,
brush, broom and' mat making, weaving, dressmaking, painting,
(Continued)
NPS Form 16-900-a OB Approves tha: s0daoaie
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Walter E. Fernald State School
Waltham (Middlesex County)
Section number 8.9 Page 14.1 Massachusetts
domestic science, stocking manufacturing, rugmaking, knitting,
crocheting embroidering, lacemaking, basket weaving, clothing
manufacture, canning and limited agricultural activities. me
Analysis of archaeological survivals from the activities may
indicate the extent and importance of these activities at the
school. Some of these activities may have had economic
importance.
(end)
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Annual Reports of the Massachusetts School for Idiotic and
Feeble-Minded Youth. 1850-1885
Annual Reports of the Massachusetts School for the Feeble-Minded.
1886-1924
Annual Reports of the Walter E. Fernald School. 1925-35.
Department of Public Safety. Architectural Records. Mass.
Archives.
Governor’s Committee. Report of the Governor’s Committee to
Study State Hospitals. 1954.
Mass. Governor & Council. Report of the Committee on Charitable
Institutions and the State House. 1945.
Mass. Medical Society. A Reference to the More Important Medical
Institutions of Massachusetts. 1930.
Senate Document #211. Report of Committee on Public
Institutions. 1924.
Short, C. W. & Stanley Brown. Public Buildings: A Survey of
Architecture Constructed by Federal and other Governmental Bodies
1933-1939 with Assistance of PWA. U. S. Government Printing
Office. 1939.
Wallace, Dr. Anna M. History of the Walter Fernald State School.
1941.
Jones, Donald Cc. "Results of an Archaeological Reconnaissance
Survey of Beaver Brook: Reservation in Belmont and Waltham,
Massachusetts." Office of Public Archaeology, Boston University.
1989
List of Figures 0
Site Plan, Waltham, 1887.
Asylum (West) Building. 1889.
. Plans, Asylum and School Buildings. 1889, 1890. ;
. Girls’ Dormitories. 1890, 1894.
- Plans. Girls’ Dormitories. 1890.
ib Wh
(Continued)
NPS Form 10-900-2 OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Walter E. Fernald State School
Waltham (Middlesex County)
Section number 2-19. Page_2 1 = Massachusetts
6 Photo. Old Stone Farmhouse. ca. 1910.
7. Photo. Activity Center. ca. 1910.
8. Photo. Schoolhouse. ca. 1910. op sae aes
9. Photo. MacDougall & Dolan Halls. ca. 1910.
10. Photo. Dolan Hall. ca. 1910.
11. Photo. West Nurses’ Home. ca. 1910.
12. Photo. Warren Hall, South Nurses’ Home. ca. 1910.
13. Photo. Manual Training Building. ca. 1910.
14. Photo. East Hall. ca. 1910.
GEOGRAPHICAL DATA
Verbal Boundary Description
See attached maps
Verbal Boundary Justification
The nomination is confined to present campus boundaries which
were achieved during the period of significance.
(end)
WALTER E. FERNALD STATE SCHOOL
WALTHAM, MASSACHUSETTS
DISTRICT DATA SHEET
STYLE
1 Waverley Hall 1891 Queen Anne W. G. Preston Cc B
2 North Building 1897 Queen Anne W. G. Preston C B
3 Activity Center 1891 Queen Anne W. G. Preston c B
4/5 Schoolhouse/Gym 1891 Queen Anne W. G. Preston Cc B
6 Chipman. 1892 Queen Anne W. G. Preston gs B
7 North Nurses’ Home 1904 Queen Anne W. G. Preston Cc B
8 Waverley Hall Lawn ca. 1891 n/a c Si
9 Bast Nurses’ Home 1906 Queen Anne W. G. Preston Cc B
10 Manual Training 1904 Queen Anne W. G. Preston Cc B
11 Warren Hall 1906 Queen Anne W. G. Preston Cc B
12 South Nurses’ Home 1907 Queen Anne W. G. Preston Cc B
13 Thom Building 1952 Colonial Revival ! Cc B
14 Power Plant 1921 Utilitarian c St
15 Main Garage 1932 Utilitarian GC B
16 Storehouse 1891 Queen Anne W. G. Preston ? Cc B
17 Cottage #17 1925 Craftsman Curtis Bixby? Cc B
18 Cottage #18 1925 Craftsman Curtis Bixby? c B
19 Cottage #19 1925 Craftsman Curtis Bixby? C B
20 Cottage #20 £925 Craftsman Curtis Bixby? Cc B
21 Southard Research Lab. 1921 Craftsman Kendall, Taylor C B
& Co.? .
22 Laundry 1928 Utilitarian Cc B
23 Lavers Hall 1914 Craftsman James Calderwood c B
24 Maintenance 1930 Utilitarian C B
25 Greenhouse ca. 1940 n/a Nc B
26 Electric Sub station ca. 1960 Utilitarian NC B
27 Engineers’ Storage ca. 1930 Utilitarian C B
28 Barn foundation ca. 1900 n/a Cc St
29 Shed (stucco) ca. 1920 Craftsman (poor) G B
30 Shed (metal) ca. 1970 Utilitarian ; NC B
31 Garage (concrete block) ca. 1950 Utilitarian ; NC B
32 Tarbell Hall 1934 Tudor Revival a B
33 West Building 1890 Queen Anne W. G. Preston C B
34 Belmont House 1890 Queen Anne W. G. Preston c B
oo Seguin Hall 1934 Colonial Revival ¢ B
Page 1 of 3
Clarence P. Hoyt
WALTER E. FERNALD STATE SCHOOL
WALTHAM, MASSACHUSETTS
DISTRICT DATA SHEET
BUILDING NAME
STYLE ARCHITECT/DESIGNER STATUS
36 MacDougall Hall 1898 Queen Anne W. G. Preston Cc B
37 Dolan Hall 1906 Queen Anne W. G. Preston Cc B
38 West Nurses’ Home 1906 Queen Anne W. G. Preston Cc B
39 Wheatly Hall 1933 Colonial Revival Cc B
40 Food Service Bldg. 1931 Colonial Revival Clarence P., Hoyt Cc B
41 Howe Hall 1933 Colonial Revival Cc B
42 Bast Dowling Hall 1906 Queen Anne W. G. Preston Cc B
43 Hillside Cottage 1904 Queen Anne/ W. G. Preston Cc B
Colonial Revival
44 garage 1912 (rusticated conc. block) Cc B
45 Baldwin Cottage ca. 1900 Vernacular c B
46 Wallace Hall 1936 Colonial Revival Cc B
47 ° Administration 1933 Colonial Revival Clarence P. Hoyt C B
48 Farrell Hall 1960 Modern NC B
49 Hospital/S. Bowen 1893-1907 Queen Anne W. G. Preston Cc B
50 Greene Unit 1953-54 Modern Cc. T. Main, Inc? NC B
51 Trapelo Cottage ca. 1860 Greek Revival/Italianate c B
52 garage 1930 n/a Nc B’
53 Cardinal Cottage ca. 1850 Greek Revival Cc B
54 garage 1947 n/a NC B
55 garage . ca. 1950 n/a NC B
56 garage 1930 n/a NC B
57 garage 1955 Utilitarian NC B
58 Electric Sub Station ca. 1960 Utilitarian NC st
59 Cast iron fence ca. 1890s n/a Cc B
60 Kelley Hall 1969 Modern NC B
61 Activities Center 1980 Modern CBT NC B
62 Withington Center aot9 Modern Payette Ass. NC B
63 Eunice Shriver Center 1967 Modern Caolo & Bienick NC B
Ass.
64 Cottage #5 1976 Modern NC B
65 Cottage #6 1976 Modern NC B
66 Cottage #7 1976 Modern NC B
67 Cottage #8 1976 Modern NC B
68 Cottage #9 1976 Modern NC B
69 Cottage #10 1976 Modern Nc B
Page 2 of 3
WALTER E. FERNALD STATE SCHOOL
WALTHAM, MASSACHUSETTS
DISTRICT DATA SHEET
ARCHITECT/DESIGNER STATUS
70 Cottage 11 1976 Modern NC B
71 Cottage #12 ‘1976 Modern NC B
72 Cottage #13 1976 Modern NC B
73 Cottage #3 1976 _ Modern : Ls Nc B
74 Cottage #4 1976 Modern NC B
75 Brookside 1981 Modern NC B
76 Woodside 1981 Modern NC B
77 Site 5 1980s Modern Nc B
78 Open Pavilion - ca. 1970s n/a Nc St
79 Shed ca. 1970s Utilitarian NC B
80 Shed (concrete) ca. 1970s Utilitarian NC B
81 Garage (concrete) ca. 1930s Utilitarian NC B
82 Shed (concrete) . ca. 1970s Utilitarian NC B
83 Malone Park 1 ca. 1990 Modern ! NC B
84 Malone Park 2 ca. 1990 Modern | NC B
85 Malone Park 3 ca. 1990 Modern | NC B
86 Malone Park 4 ca. 1990. Modern NC B
87 Pool/Playground ca. 1960 n/a NC “St
88 Chapel 1960 Colonial Revival John A. McPherson NC B
89 Electric Sub Station ca. 1960 Utilitarian Nc St
90 Shed (wood) ca. 1920 Utilitarian (poor) Cc B
91 Activity Center Lawn ca. 1891 n/a Cc Si
TOTAL RESOURCES: 48 Contributing; 42 Noncontributing
44 Contributing Buildings 38 Noncontributing Buildings
2 Contributing Sites
4 Noncontributing Structures
2 Contributing Structures
Page 3 of 3
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